George Francis "Frank" Miles (22 April 1852 – 15 July 1891) was a London artist who specialised in pastel portraits of society ladies, also an architect and a keen plantsman.
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He was the son of the Rev. Robert Henry William Miles (1818–1883), rector of the Church of St. Mary and All Angels, Bingham, Nottinghamshire, and his wife Mary Cleaver. He was the grandson of Philip John Miles (1773–1845) by his second marriage to Clarissa Peach (1790–1868). Philip John Miles was an English landowner, banker, merchant, politician and collector, who was elected MP for Bristol from 1835 - 1837 having earlier been elected for Westbury from 1820–1826 and Corfe Castle from 1829 - 1832. Frank Miles was therefore brother of Charles Oswald Miles, cousin of Philip Napier Miles and half-cousin of Sir Philip Miles, 2nd Baronet.
Today, Frank Miles is best known for being a friend (and many believe a lover) of Oscar Wilde whom he met at Oxford in 1874 or 1875, where Miles had family connections to the colleges and friends, but was never an undergraduate after being schooled at home (rather than at Eton as his father and uncles were). Miles introduced Wilde to Lillie Langtry, and to his friend and patron Lord Ronald Charles Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, who later became the model for the worldly Lord Henry Wotton in Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
If rumours of this relationship being physical are true, then Miles must have been bisexual as he was well known for his interest in women as well, both "society ladies" with whom he associated through his family connections and the working class girls he often used for his models. In the year leading up to his final illness, Miles was engaged to be married to Miss Gratiana Lucy Hughes (known as Lucy), daughter of Alfred Hughes (later Sir Alfred Hughes, 10th Baronet), of East Bergholt Lodge, Suffolk, but his incarceration led to this falling through. A letter of 1887 from Miles to the wife of the artist George Broughton reads
"...As soon as I have given up my house for three years, I and my girl will find a cottage and live close to London... we think of the S.E. edge of Epping Forset... L and I expect we shall have many friends... we shall be near the best nursery gardens - and I spend half my life growing new rose plants I introduce and send to Kew. ... soon a baronetcy, when an old man dies, will come to my future father in law."[1]
Miles commissioned Edward William Godwin to build him a house at what was then No 1 (but later renumbered to 44) Tite Street, Chelsea and moved in from his previous residence off the Strand. Oscar Wilde had been living with him since leaving Oxford in 1878 but it is clear that Miles, two years older than Wilde, was by far the dominant partner. Wilde, although ambitious, had no money and few social connections, while Miles had both, with a generous allowance from his wealthy father and the royalties from his drawings, Miles was able to keep his friend in style. The Court Directory and the Post Office London Directory for 1881 list Miles as the occupant but do not mention Wilde. The 1881 Census names Miles as head of the household and describes Wilde as merely a "boarder".[2] The house is on the market in 2011 for £15,500,000. [3]
His paintings and drawings included Lillie Langtry, Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick (another mistress to King Edward VII), the Countess of Lonsdale, Sir George Sitwell and his wife Ida and Princess Victoria, Princess Maud and Princess Louise.[4] His work can also be seen in the church at Bingham, Nottinghamshire where he designed the stained glass windows; at Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club where his 1875 portrait of Richard Daft, the Club's captain, is kept[5] and at Nottinghamshire City Museum and Gallery where his 1878 landscape of Cenarth Falls is on display[6].
He imported many species of plant and cultivated new varieties.
In 1887, Miles was committed to Brislington House,[7] an asylum near Bristol, and he died in 1891 of what was diagnosed as 'general paralysis of the insane[8][9] (4 years), exhaustion and pneumonia. After being depleted by paying his medical care at the asylum, on his death, the remaining possessions of a once-wealthy man with a large inheritance and a successful artistic career were found to be worth only £20 (approx £20,000 in 2008 terms). By comparison, his brother, Rev. Canon Charles Oswald Miles, who administered his estate, left £3,600 13s 6d (£3million in 2008 terms) when he died in 1898 and his cousin, Sir Cecil Miles, 3rd Baronet, left £171,591 17s 4d (£145million in 2008 terms) in the same year.[10] He was buried at Almondsbury, near Bristol.
Frank Miles and his artistic inspiration Lillie Langtry are portrayed in the mini-series "Lillie" (1978). Langtry became the first publicly acknowledged mistress of the then Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII between 1877-80. The Prince of Wales was an occasional guest and shooting companion of Frank's cousin, Sir Philip Miles. In an interview published in several newspapers (including the Brisbane Herald) in 1882, Langtry said,
“It was through Lord Ranelagh and the painter Frank Miles that I was first introduced to London society… I went to London and was brought out by my friends. Among the most enthusiastic of these was Mr Frank Miles, the artist. I learned afterwards that he saw me one evening at the theatre, and tried in vain to discover who I was. He went to his clubs and among his artist friends declaring he had seen a beauty, and he described me to everybody he knew, until one day one of his friends met me and he was duly introduced. Then Mr Miles came and begged me to sit for my portrait. I consented, and when the portrait was finished he sold it to Prince Leopold. From that time I was invited everywhere and made a great deal of by many members of the royal family and nobility. After Frank Miles I sat for portraits to Millais and Burne-Jones and now Frith is putting my face in one of his great pictures."
For the theory that Miles was the Whitechapel murderer known as Jack the Ripper, see Thomas Toughill's 'The Ripper Code' (The History Press 2008). Given that at the time of the murders he was at the asylum at Brislington, over 120 miles (190 km) away from Whitechapel and was suffering from a disease that would cause dementia, seizures and disfigurement, this would make it difficult for him to have escaped from the asylum, travelled unnoticed to London, committed his murders, travelled back and broken back in to the asylum undetected. He also does not match the physical descriptions of suspects, particularly concerning his height. Most descriptions of Jack the Ripper have him between 5 feet 5 inches and 5 feet 7 inches, and most frequently described as "stout"[11] whereas Miles was tall, of athletic build and keen on sport, particularly tennis.[12]
An FBI profile of Jack the Ripper describes him as follows[13]
...had difficulty in interacting with people in general and women in particular, blended in with his surroundings, had poor personal hygiene and appeared disheveled, was a quiet loner, withdrawn and asocial, was of lower social class, was the product of a broken home, raised by a dominant female figure who drank heavily and consorted with different men...
This description is almost the exact opposite of a distinctively tall, well-dressed and handsome man from a well-connected, upper class family, brought up in a secure home and leading the life of a gentleman.